6 Protocols to Find Meaning and Build a Happier Life

DDr. Arthur Brooks
Mental HealthCollege EducationCell PhonesInternet Technology

Transcript

00:00:00You figure out the meaning of your life by residing in the right hemisphere of
00:00:04your brain where big why questions are asked. The main problem is that we're not
00:00:08getting the meaning of our lives because we're doing trivial nonsense and sitting
00:00:13in the wrong part of our brains. Who cares? Why does it matter? Wouldn't it be better
00:00:18just to go through life as Friedrich Nietzsche further suggested that there is
00:00:22no why to life. There is no essence to all this stuff. So all you've got is existence
00:00:27so make the most of it. Is this just a dumb conceit and exercise in futility?
00:00:33The answer to that is absolutely not. There's a lot that you can simulate.
00:00:36There's a lot that you can fake. There's a lot of experiences that in the computer
00:00:41world they say passes the Turing test. You can fool your brain. But the one thing you
00:00:45can't simulate is the meaning of your life.
00:00:53Hey friends welcome to Office Hours. I'm Arthur Brooks. If you're a longtime
00:00:57listener well not that long because this is the show hasn't been around for that
00:01:02long but if you've been here for the very beginning you know the mission of this
00:01:04show. This is a behavioral science program dedicated to lifting people up and
00:01:09bringing them together in bonds of happiness and love using science and
00:01:12ideas. That's my mission in life. I want to share with you and I want you to share
00:01:16with others if you find this show useful. I've been talking over the past couple
00:01:21of weeks about my new book The Meaning of Your Life. Today when this show comes
00:01:26out on the 30th of March 2026, that's a Monday, if you're listening to it on the
00:01:31first day the book drops tomorrow Tuesday March 31st. Please go to the website
00:01:36themeaningofyourlife.com that's right here. It's displayed somewhere on the
00:01:40screen around me right now. You can figure out what's going on in the book where I'm
00:01:44speaking, how you can get a copy of the book, how you get involved in the
00:01:47community, all the different ways that you can understand better the meaning of your
00:01:50life and how you can bring it to other people. It's the book version of the show
00:01:55you might say. I hope you enjoy it. I wrote it for you. If you do like it please do
00:02:00share it with others and share the show with others as well and and give me your
00:02:04thoughts about this show. Go to the to the website and give us some feedback. Write
00:02:09to us at officehowers@arthurbrooks.com or write any place where you're watching
00:02:13or listening to this on YouTube or Spotify or Apple podcast or wherever you
00:02:17like to put comments. We look at all the comments. We read them all. Critical, happy,
00:02:21unhappy, whatever they happen to be because we want to know your feedback.
00:02:24That's how we make it better. If you like the show please do like and subscribe and
00:02:28suggest it to a friend. That's how we get this material to a lot of other people.
00:02:32Now this is the third show in a three-part series. I want to go back a
00:02:36little bit and talk about the book and what the meaning of life actually means
00:02:41and then I want to get today to the problem when you can't find the meaning
00:02:46of your life. So that's where we are today. Let me start with two weeks ago.
00:02:51The first in this three-part series in the trilogy of meaning you might say and
00:02:56that was a show that I did on boredom. Here's the motivation for that. Human
00:03:02beings are incredible at solving problems. This is a great thing. This is the
00:03:06Homo sapiens advantage as a matter of fact. This unbelievable prefrontal cortex
00:03:11that we have 30% of our brain by weight and it's only been in its extant form
00:03:16for about 250,000 years since the late Pleistocene period. That's when human
00:03:21beings became capable of solving complex problems by looking into the future,
00:03:26practicing things that hadn't happened by looking into the past and learning from
00:03:30mistakes. We could really time travel. We had this consciousness of ourselves so
00:03:35not only could I look out and observe things around me I could look inward and
00:03:39see how other people see me. These are unbelievable cognitive abilities beyond
00:03:43any computer what it could possibly do and it made it possible for us to be an
00:03:47unbelievably successful species. We're a problem-solving species and ordinarily
00:03:51that's great but not always. Sometimes we solve annoyances and create major crises.
00:04:00A case in point is boredom which I talked about two weeks ago on the show. We solved
00:04:04boredom. We basically did. With our human ingenuity we figured out a way to
00:04:09not actually be in the state of boredom which we don't like because well it's
00:04:13kind of boring isn't it? I told you about experiments that show how much we hate
00:04:16boredom. Experiments by my colleague Dan Gilbert where people get shocked or
00:04:20they're able to give themselves shocks as opposed to just sitting quietly in a room.
00:04:25Ordinarily they they prefer pain to boredom as a matter of fact and so we
00:04:29found the perfect pain device to keep us not bored which is also known as the
00:04:33device in your pocket, your phone, your access to the internet and social
00:04:39media and email and texts which you look at all day long which the average person
00:04:43looks at two hundred and five times a day so that you won't be bored. What I talked
00:04:48about two weeks ago on the show is that in eliminating boredom we eliminated a
00:04:51minor annoyance and created a huge crisis. That crisis was avoiding the meaning of
00:04:56our life. Why? Well as I told you that shuts off a series of structures in the
00:05:01brain that are on when we're bored that we also need to assess mind wandering
00:05:08abstract thinking and the concept of meaning. You need to be bored more. That
00:05:13was part one. Part two was where I dug into what is meaning? What are we looking
00:05:19for when we want the meaning of life? Are we gonna solve the problem of getting
00:05:22the meaning of life? We need to define it. That was about sort of the meaning of
00:05:26meaning and I defined meaning in terms of three principles of coherence, purpose
00:05:31and significance. Coherence is the answer to the why question, the mysterious why
00:05:36question, why do things happen the way they do? Purpose is the why question, why
00:05:41am I doing what I'm doing and and significance is the why question, why does
00:05:45my life matter? The big three whys. When you answer those questions you've come
00:05:51to an understanding of the meaning of your life. Now that requires a special use
00:05:56of your brain which I suggested a minute ago on boredom and to be more specific
00:05:59about it in this last episode which was last week I introduced you to the work of
00:06:04the great neuroscientist and philosopher at Oxford University Ian McGill Christ a
00:06:09brilliant man a scientist of the highest caliber who talks about hemispheric
00:06:13lateralization the fact that your brain has two hemispheres has two sides and
00:06:18they do different things specifically the left side of your brain is technology
00:06:21and engineering and solving problems and how to and what all the stuff you do all
00:06:26day whereas the right hemisphere is the why hemisphere the mystery and the
00:06:30meaning you figure out the meaning of your life by residing in the right
00:06:35hemisphere of your brain or big why questions are asked now you know already
00:06:39the problem which is that we're foreclosing activity in the right
00:06:43hemisphere of our brains because we're using our brains wrong in the modern
00:06:47world where we've wiped out boredom and that's how it all comes together the main
00:06:53problem is that we're not getting the meaning of our lives because we're doing
00:06:58trivial nonsense and sitting in the wrong part of our brains that was episode one
00:07:03and episode two now episode three right before the book comes out who cares why
00:07:11does it matter wouldn't it be better just to go through life as Friedrich Nietzsche
00:07:15further suggested that let's just suck it up man there is no why to life there is
00:07:20no essence to all this stuff so all you've got is existence so make the most
00:07:24of it have a good laugh and live your life stop trying to find meaning in the
00:07:29first place is this just a dumb conceit and exercise and futility the answer to
00:07:35that is absolutely not and what I want to do today is to show you why you should
00:07:40want to find the meaning of your life why I wrote this book in the first place
00:07:45what you can get if you read this book and if you share these ideas with other
00:07:50people today the importance of finding the meaning of your life now let me back
00:07:56up a little bit about how my quest for understanding the answers to these
00:08:00questions started and it really starts at the big picture level at my natural
00:08:05vocational home I'm an academic in my heart I'm an academic I was born to be an
00:08:11academic I was running around the university campus when I was a baby my
00:08:16dad was a college professor that's all he did from the age of 25 when he got his
00:08:21master's degree and started teaching at a college all the way through to through
00:08:24his PhD and and his whole life as a matter of fact he never he literally
00:08:28never had any other jobs except during the summers when I was little college
00:08:31professors didn't make very much money and so my dad during those days you know
00:08:35he drove a bus for the city to make ends meet but he was fundamentally an
00:08:39academic now why was he an academic because his dad was an academic thing a
00:08:45pattern here right I had told myself I wasn't gonna do it I tried not to do it
00:08:50but I got sucked in all the way through my 20s I was a musician as a matter of
00:08:54fact I didn't go to college until my late 20s some of you heard me tell a story I
00:08:58won't bother you with it but by the time I went to college and graduated the month
00:09:01before my 30th birthday yeah I'm gonna do that too it's the best life I'm made to
00:09:08be on campuses it and and I finished my PhD at 34 and became a full-time
00:09:13academic myself when I got my first professorship it was as good as I
00:09:16thought it was gonna be there aren't that many things that live up to the
00:09:20expectations are there the pyramids and Giza lives up to your expectations that
00:09:25the glaciers in in Alaska that lives up to it Venice that lives up to your
00:09:31expectations and academia the academic life really is great I mean not for
00:09:36everybody obviously but for me I mean the teaching the students the research the
00:09:41curiosity it's so great I've always loved it and I loved it for the very
00:09:46first time when I first took my first assistant professorship at Georgia State
00:09:50University after finishing my PhD in 1998 I was cranking out research papers I was
00:09:56teaching big classes full of students getting better at my teaching it was
00:10:00beautiful and one of the main things I liked about it was the culture among the
00:10:05students they were happy I like being around happy people and and and people in
00:10:10college and graduate school were traditionally according to the data but
00:10:14according to probably your experience too if you're anything like my age that was
00:10:18the happiest time of life that's when you made your friends that's when you were
00:10:22falling in love that's when you were hearing big new ideas that were blowing
00:10:25your mind sometimes scary controversial things and where you could have
00:10:29experiences of those ideas without being all freaked out yeah great that's what it
00:10:36always was I went from Georgia State to Syracuse University I loved it at
00:10:40Syracuse and you're thinking yeah it's probably because the weather right you
00:10:43know no it was the people it was the students it was my colleagues it was the
00:10:49happiness it was the culture well along the way I decided to make a little career
00:10:53change I've made a lot of career changes I went from French horn player to you
00:10:56know social scientists that's a big one but I made another big one in 2008 when I
00:11:01was 44 I left academia to be a CEO to be the chief executive of a great big
00:11:07nonprofit think-tank in Washington DC called the American Enterprise Institute
00:11:12that was a completely consuming job that was the hardest job I ever had by far as
00:11:18a matter of fact it was exhausting it had a high learning curve and I did it for
00:11:22almost 11 years now that was so consuming but I wasn't paying any attention to
00:11:27University life but I vowed to do it for 10 years I did it for actually exactly 10
00:11:33years and six months I lived up to how long I said I was gonna do it and I got
00:11:37out when I said I was gonna leave now I thought about what do I want to do when
00:11:41I'm done with that and I couldn't get it out of my head I had to go back to my
00:11:44home I had to get back on campus that's that's where I made to be and Esther my
00:11:49wife she's like yeah you got to go back on campus that's where your heart is so I
00:11:53did you know about six months before I left and I got a few offers I got offers
00:11:57from about ten universities to go back and to be a professor and I took the one
00:12:01that I liked the most which was at Harvard University in Cambridge Mass they offered
00:12:05the ability for me to actually teach more or less what I wanted and a lot of
00:12:08freedom to get back into my research etc and I thought yeah getting back to my
00:12:13happy place my happy place and I went back to academia in 2019 and it wasn't
00:12:19the same it wasn't the same thing that I left at the end of 2008 it had it had
00:12:25darkened it wasn't just Harvard it was academia in general what had been
00:12:30statistically happier brighter than the rest of the country had become darker as
00:12:37a matter of fact you found that students on on university campuses they were more
00:12:41likely to be suffering depression way more likely than they had in years past
00:12:45this 2008 the rates of clinical depression among college students had
00:12:49tripled through about 2019 generalized anxiety had almost doubled as a matter of
00:12:55fact this was a psychogenic epidemic which is a fancy way that that behavioral
00:13:01scientists like me talk about a source of real misery that doesn't have an
00:13:05apparent biological origin like a genetic epidemic but when I get back to academia
00:13:11in 2019 of course I see this and I'm shocked I'm sad wasn't right but of
00:13:17course I'm also interested I'm a social entrepreneur heart when I see tragedy and
00:13:23trouble I also see opportunity there's an opportunity to do good I'm as a
00:13:28behavioral scientist dedicated to well you know lifting people up and bringing
00:13:32them together and bonds of happiness and love now is the time I thought but I got
00:13:38to figure out what's wrong what's going wrong you already know because I hope
00:13:44you've listened to the last two episodes what's going wrong is that starting
00:13:48about the time I left academia in 2008 we solved boredom that's when smartphones
00:13:54started to proliferate 2007 was when the first iPhone was delivered 2008 it was on
00:13:59in almost everybody's pocket by 29 2009 2010 2011 the apps were on every phone
00:14:05dating apps for about 2012 and on and on it went life became completely online is
00:14:11what it came down to and not just online online faced people around it was sitting
00:14:15in their back pockets all the time and that got rid of boredom which changed
00:14:19our brains we were not using our brains the mysterious the right hemisphere of
00:14:26love and meaning we weren't in the right space to actually do that that's the last
00:14:30two episodes I mentioned before so who cares why does it matter and the answer
00:14:36is that's actually why we had the mental health crisis on campuses and not just on
00:14:43campuses disproportionately among people under 30 was this meaninglessness what I
00:14:50found when I came back to academia in 2019 I started looking at the data is the
00:14:54best predictor I could find of clinical depression generalized anxiety was the
00:14:59answer yes to the question does your life feel meaningless in fact I'll put the
00:15:05link to this in the note in the show notes there's data excellent data that's
00:15:09been collected for a long time by the polling firm monitoring the future that
00:15:13asks does your life feel meaningless that was an odd question without very
00:15:18interesting answers for the longest time it kind of bumped along between you know
00:15:23I don't know five and fifteen percent of the pot of the population until 2008 when
00:15:30suddenly I started taking a dog leg upward now I'm not saying that people
00:15:33felt meaningless about their lives because I left academia obviously it was
00:15:38because of the proliferation of the anti boredom devices of the devices that took
00:15:44meaning away and when meaning goes depression comes here's the reason we
00:15:50should be thinking about the meaning of life you go back to an earlier episode
00:15:52I'll make sure this is linked to it right here happiness happiness in life equals
00:15:58enjoyment plus satisfaction plus meaning if meaning becomes devoid happiness
00:16:05becomes unavailable that's why we have the misery crisis that's why we have the
00:16:11psychogenic epidemic like I've seen the data there's no problem with enjoyment
00:16:17young people arguably enjoy life more than any other cohort they're getting
00:16:21that right in a lot of ways satisfaction on my campus is super high satisfaction
00:16:26is the joy of an accomplishment with struggle that's what they're doing all
00:16:29day long at Harvard University is accomplishing things with a tremendous
00:16:33struggle because it's it's a sacrifice what they're doing with this hard
00:16:37education at this fine institution and many other walks of life and schools
00:16:41around the country the problem is that when you look at the data it is obvious
00:16:46and clear that meaning has imploded and that's what's leading to the unhappiness
00:16:52epidemic in America today that's why it matters I care about love and happiness I
00:16:58want more human flourishing so I need more meaning okay so once I find this to
00:17:06my satisfaction this is before I started this book by the way I wasn't quite there
00:17:11yet I needed to hear the stories that people would tell back in the old days
00:17:16social scientists used to do their their research in the following way Adam Smith
00:17:20who wrote the Wealth of Nations in 1776 that was this treatise based on data
00:17:26about how market economies worked it's kind of the early Bible of capitalism as
00:17:31a matter of fact but it wasn't just a bunch of statistical correlations that he
00:17:35was putting together now Adam Smith said you know when this happens this happens
00:17:39etc etc he was collecting data in his way more importantly though he was talking
00:17:45to people because that's what social scientists do they're supposed to focus
00:17:48on the social part so he would walk factory floors talk to workers he has a
00:17:53long section of the wealth of nations on the pin factory how you know you make
00:17:57little pins like sewing pins and you roll out the wire and you cut it you flatten
00:18:02one side etc he talked about how workers that were in a pin factory how they're
00:18:05actually doing their work and talking to them about how they were living their
00:18:09lives that's the richness in social science and that's important that we not
00:18:13get away from that by just doing experiments and regression analyses so
00:18:18that's what I do too once I see statistical patterns then I start
00:18:21talking to people to understand in real life what these patterns mean and when I
00:18:28did well then I really started to understand this psychogenic epidemic and
00:18:32I realized why I needed to write this book and why I need to be a warrior in
00:18:37the cause for meaning I did a whole bunch of case studies right now you're like Neo
00:18:42in the matrix you can keep scrolling experiencing a simulation of life or you
00:18:48can wake up to how your attention is being harvested for profit it's
00:18:52happening to people all over the world right now you don't want to be
00:18:56productized like this anymore but it's hard tech addiction is so potent because
00:19:01it's been designed to tap into your dopamine system just like heroin porn
00:19:05gambling you've got the cravings you're addicted you don't like it and I don't
00:19:09either but I can't just tell you to stop doing it that's hard if you want to break
00:19:13free from the system you need an incentive here's one why don't you join
00:19:18a phone company that pays you not to use your phone if you want to reduce brain
00:19:23rot get noble mobile it pays you to use less data it gives you an incentive to
00:19:28unplug noble mobile is the phone plan that finally aligns incentives with
00:19:32what's good for you use less data earn money back and when you do you'll be
00:19:37living once again in real life and you're gonna like how it feels what I want to do
00:19:42now is I just want to tell you three stories three stories of real people that
00:19:48I talked to and these are stories in their own words now rather than
00:19:52summarizing these things I'm just gonna read it this is from the introduction to
00:19:55the book okay so I'm gonna read a short section of the book if you've got the
00:19:58audiobook this should be pretty much the same but only for a couple of minutes
00:20:01don't worry I'm not going to read you the whole book but these stories are going to
00:20:05sum up why this is a very important issue as far as I'm concerned story number one
00:20:10is called the garbage disposal mark age 32 is exactly what you would conjure up
00:20:16in your mind if I asked you to imagine a textbook driver he's college-educated
00:20:22hard-working and healthy he's a bootstraps guy his parents broke up when
00:20:27he was young and they never had much money but mark avoided trouble went to
00:20:30college unlike most of the people he grew up with and landed an excellent job as a
00:20:35data analyst mark is a gym rat and in great physical shape if you're writing an
00:20:41advice column for men on how to succeed in life mark would pretty much be the
00:20:45poster child for what you would recommend but when we spoke and he told me all
00:20:50this something sounded off as he described the situation on paper a list
00:20:57of carefully managed accomplishments his voice was hollow as though he was
00:21:02describing a scenario he didn't really believe I pressed him to go deeper he
00:21:08paused and then he said this my life feels empty I asked him what he was
00:21:15missing he thought for a minute and then he told me a story a year or so ago he
00:21:20was on a first date with a woman he'd met on one of the dating apps over dinner she
00:21:25mentioned to him in passing that her garbage disposal was clogged and she
00:21:29didn't know what to do about it he volunteered to help her with it and
00:21:33ended up fixing it for her that very evening he said that this gave him a deep
00:21:38sense of satisfaction and purpose later at his own apartment he remembered that
00:21:43his own garbage disposal was clogged up as well the fix was easy but he had just
00:21:48never got around to doing anything about it a year later he still hasn't now maybe
00:21:55that sounds like a random anecdote but I understood that he was expressing
00:21:58something profound mark wasn't saying that he felt some sort of existential
00:22:02need to become a handyman what he craved was the sense of purpose and significance
00:22:07that came from being needed by someone the garbage disposal date never went
00:22:11anywhere unfortunately nor had any of his dates in years he told me the only way to
00:22:16meet women he felt was on a dating app by his own count he'd gone on 50 first dates
00:22:21but the connections always felt fake he never felt any authenticity with people
00:22:26he met that way so he'd given up on the idea that his soulmate was somewhere
00:22:30online maybe he feared his soulmate simply doesn't exist his friendships
00:22:36haven't fared much better during the lonely coronavirus lockdowns he moved to
00:22:41a new city he'd never been to hoping to meet new people he didn't at least not
00:22:45real humans in three dimensions his job went fully remote and never came back in
00:22:51person his work colleagues were and still are two-dimensional avatars on a zoom
00:22:55screen he only established a few social relationships in the new city and now
00:23:00rarely sees anyone more than once a week he feels stuck on the outside of life
00:23:05viewing the world through a double pane window to pass his overabundant free time
00:23:10mark like almost everyone these days is online a lot rolling social media
00:23:16watching videos to simulate a social life he spends hours listening to podcasts of
00:23:21other people having interesting conversations but it leaves him feeling
00:23:25empty he calls it social pornography but like all digital distraction it's hard to
00:23:32avoid without something better to do and most of the time there's nothing better
00:23:37to do he craves a big meaningful project building something writing something and
00:23:44dreams of finding that project and immersing himself in it but he can't come
00:23:47up with any ideas for what that project might be so it's back online
00:23:53occasionally he panics is this it forever well I die alone will I ever find what
00:24:00I'm looking for but then the fear subsides and he falls back into the
00:24:05zooming scrolling in isolation and the months click by story number two just
00:24:13stay busy Maria's parents are probably bragging about her to the neighbors right
00:24:18now their 27 year old daughter has always been a bright light top grades in school
00:24:23never in trouble she was always a leader and ambitious completing a bachelor's
00:24:28and master's in mechanical engineering joining the military and rising fast as
00:24:32an officer in the cyber and information sciences she holds multiple associations
00:24:37and prestigious academic societies and think tanks on the personal side however
00:24:42things aren't going well for Maria her extraordinary energy the envy of others
00:24:47isn't just her way to succeed but also to distract herself the hustle diverts her
00:24:53attention from an intense sense of emptiness that grows every year she
00:24:58appears hyper focused a woman on a mission but she confesses privately that
00:25:03her life has no coherence she has no idea where she's going nor what she even
00:25:08wants she hopes that through her work a sense of purpose will emerge but it never
00:25:14does she feels no passion for it no calling no sense of vocation when we
00:25:21speak I asked her what big change she would like to see in her life in a year's
00:25:25time she pauses for a long time and fails to come up with a definite answer big
00:25:31questions like this make her feel afraid she says so she avoids them by staying
00:25:36busy what if I never find the answers she asks me or if there are no answers
00:25:43what about her relationships Maria has a boyfriend but she doesn't know where
00:25:48that relationship is going it's just okay for now she's an extrovert and has
00:25:54friends but she says they're more deal friends than real friends she rarely goes
00:25:59deep with anyone in her circle she's not very close to her parents or siblings
00:26:03although she in theory is a religious believer she doesn't practice her faith
00:26:07at all I asked why not she doesn't know when she's too tired to work Maria tells
00:26:14me that she would like to read books or do something productive and creative but
00:26:18somehow doesn't know how to get started instead she finds herself simply on her
00:26:23phone scrolling social media and watching YouTube sometimes for hours at a time
00:26:29this fills her with guilt for wasting time but it keeps her mind off something
00:26:34she knows she's missing but can't quite name and finally furry number three a
00:26:39long hike to somewhere mark and Maria are among the typical high-performing adults
00:26:47I've met in my teaching and travels over the past seven years their lives look
00:26:51enviable from the outside but they feel empty on the inside they're waiting for
00:26:56their purpose to find them but it never does as they wait they distract
00:27:02themselves with work and soothe themselves with tech I feel a paternal
00:27:07concern for mark and Maria after all I'm old enough to be their father Paul
00:27:11however is closer to appear he could be a younger sibling to me in fact and
00:27:16because of that his story leaves me more shaken than the others at 47 Paul would
00:27:22appear to have everything figured out he's smart and friendly he's married
00:27:27with three kids and has a successful career as a social scientist at a top
00:27:31university before I met him I knew about him I admired his work but scratched the
00:27:37surface and a darker narrative emerges Paul's parents divorced when he was very
00:27:42young and he grew up in poverty without much adult attention a clever kid he
00:27:47quickly figured out that adults gave him the approval he craved when he excelled
00:27:50in school love he figured out is earned through achievements so all of a sense of
00:27:57purpose came from getting good grades good test scores the next gold star in
00:28:02his words and to maintain that sense of purpose he essentially never left school
00:28:06winding up as a professor ten years ago Paul was ambitious and full of passion
00:28:11for ideas writing a series of books in his academic field they weren't
00:28:15bestsellers they were too specialized and academically rigorous but he was proud
00:28:19of them and he told himself the right people were reading them the
00:28:23recognition he got for these books was his grown-up gold stars but their luster
00:28:27faded over the decade as his career progress slowed each new book began to
00:28:32feel like the one before and they all began to seem pointless in his words and
00:28:37wrote today he feels like his research has little impact that it makes no
00:28:42difference to the world and and wins little recognition from other scholars
00:28:45he is way behind schedule on a major writing project but doesn't have the
00:28:50motivation to work on it his sense of purpose and direction or fading away it's
00:28:55not as if Paul has no time to work the problem is how he spends the time he has
00:29:00it says if something is eating his brain so that he can't focus an hour that he
00:29:06would have once used to read a research paper he now uses to anesthetize himself
00:29:10looking at social media to block the growing ennui this distracts him from
00:29:16his melancholy but like Maria he feels enormous remorse for wasting his time
00:29:21with the eloquence of Franz Kafka he's a thinker and writer after all Paul sums
00:29:26up his absurd feeling predicament life is like a factory churning out days of my
00:29:33existence in differently prepackaged for my mandatory consumption so what do you
00:29:38want I asked him he pauses struggling to find the words I want to go hiking he
00:29:46says at last for a long time I asked him where he wants to go hiking Paul's
00:29:52answer might be literal or it might be metaphorical I can't tell to where I
00:29:56might find what I'm looking for so what's happening here are these stories what's
00:30:01happening to these people I think you know what's missing in their lives they
00:30:07identified it in all the words that they said there are many many stories like
00:30:11this in the book and one of the things that they all have in common is they
00:30:15talk about not knowing what they're meant to do that life feels meaningless or they
00:30:21can't find the meaning that there's an emptiness a hollowness to everything
00:30:25they're doing some of them talk about the fact that they're they feel like they
00:30:29should be doing something but that what they do feels fake that all their time
00:30:33online behind the screen it all feels like a simulation of real life well
00:30:40that's what it feels like when you're using your brain wrong when you're in
00:30:44the wrong hemisphere as I talked about in last week's episode there's a lot that
00:30:49you can simulate there's a lot that you can fake there's a lot of experiences
00:30:53that well in the computer world they say passes the Turing test you can fool your
00:30:58brain but the one thing you can't simulate is the meaning of your life that's
00:31:03an in real life thing that's why this matters is this you can you relate to
00:31:09these stories can you relate to the sense of emptiness funny you know people in
00:31:16times before we over technologized and over complicated our lives their lives
00:31:22were actually pretty boring for a moment a moment I mentioned the other day you
00:31:27know your great-grandfather of mine Leroy Brooks born in 1862 we never came
00:31:33home to his wife and said I had to leave early today honey because I had a panic
00:31:37attack behind the mule today Oh his brain was working the way it was supposed to
00:31:42and by the way he was bored a lot but here's the irony his life wasn't boring
00:31:47at the end of the day at the meta level there was nothing fake about his life at
00:31:52all the yours you're probably never bored moment to moment but I bet you when you
00:31:57check your phone 205 times a day once every 13 minutes or more that you feel
00:32:02pretty bored at the end of the day that you feel like what you accomplished
00:32:07wasn't real see when our brain works the way it's supposed to we have moments of
00:32:13boredom and suffering and discomfort but it comes together to something really
00:32:16meaningful when we get rid of all of those experiences because of what we've
00:32:21done to solve our little problems those little problems do go away and they turn
00:32:25into a great big problem but ironically is much worse than anything we
00:32:30experienced before this book is a guidebook on how to solve that now
00:32:36fundamentally I've been talking about the problems in the last three episodes but
00:32:39this book two-thirds of it is a six-part strategic plan for you in six months to
00:32:46find the meaning of your life this is all based on science it's all based on the
00:32:50cutting edge ways which aren't cutting edge at all they're living alive in real
00:32:55life to get to the right hemisphere of your brain where mystery and meaning can
00:32:59be found the the problems they can't be solved analytically that can only be
00:33:03lived and understood in a spirit of love but you have to know how to do it and you
00:33:08have to make a commitment to doing that and that's what this really all about
00:33:11here are the six parts and I'll get into it more deeply in future episodes you
00:33:16want to get the details read the book tomorrow and you'll see these are the
00:33:23six protocols for finding meaning the six ways to get to the right hemisphere of
00:33:28your brain number one number one is to ask big unanswerable questions one of the
00:33:38things that all philosophical traditions have in common almost every religious
00:33:41tradition has in common because philosophy and religion are right
00:33:45hemisphere disciplines what they have in common is big questions you can't quite
00:33:50answer I've mentioned in the podcast before Cohen's which are the riddles
00:33:55that they use in in in Japanese and Buddhism to teach novice monks what's the
00:34:00sound of one hand clapping that kind of thing when you contemplate questions that
00:34:05don't have answers it opens up your brain now that was standard fare for dorm room
00:34:10conversations late at night when people who are my age were in college but of
00:34:15course what do you do when you come home from a party at 1130 p.m. in college
00:34:19today you probably scroll your phone which of course has eliminated the
00:34:24conversations that we need to have number one is ask deeper questions the most
00:34:28human thing by the way you know the one thing that no non human animal has never
00:34:33done is ask questions that's the essence what it means to be fully human not to
00:34:39answer questions like an AI but to ask the big questions that an AI could never
00:34:43come up with number two is fall in love is to risk your heart that is the most
00:34:50dangerous feeling uncertain complex experiences is romantic love I've done a
00:34:56whole episode on that a very popular episode about the neurochemical cascade
00:35:01that happens inside your brain the fourth of July inside your cranium when you're
00:35:05falling in love the things you can't explain and in fact the ancient
00:35:10philosophers often talked about the fact that the meaning of life generally starts
00:35:14from the experience of romantic love that's Plato's ladder of love from Diotima
00:35:18of Montaigne I've talked about that on the episode on romantic love as well you
00:35:23start with romantic love and you climb the ladder and you ultimately find the
00:35:28meaning of life give your heart away as part two part three is to seek
00:35:33transcendence now transcendence means to get above
00:35:36yourself the great irony of life is that we're we're impelled to be intensely
00:35:41autofocused me me me me me me me you'll never find the meaning of your life by
00:35:46looking at yourself you'll only find the meaning of your life by zooming out on
00:35:50yourself and standing in awe of something greater the two parts of transcendence
00:35:54are looking up to the divine and looking out to love and serve others that's part
00:35:59three part four is finding your calling you're calling in life what are you
00:36:05supposed to do now whether that's market work or non market work there is
00:36:08something generative where you create value in the world value in your life and
00:36:13with your life and value in the lives of other people that's your calling what is
00:36:17it calling what do they all have in common I don't care if you work for the
00:36:20post office or teach University or trying to become the president United States the
00:36:24only way it will bring joy meaning is if you believe you're earning your success
00:36:29and you're serving other people talk a lot about that and great details about
00:36:34how to do that in the book the next part part five is to seek beauty beauty is a
00:36:40right brain experience and beauty is exactly what's missing when everything is
00:36:45a simulation you can't simulate true beauty I defy you to look into the
00:36:48highest quality computer screen and find something that is as beautiful as the
00:36:54actual forest of which the picture has been taken and transmitted to your
00:36:58screen can't do it I defy you to take a digital representation of any music and
00:37:05have it be as beautiful as what you would hear in person the experience of a
00:37:08painting that you're seeing artistic beauty natural beauty moral beauty I
00:37:13defy you to find the examples of moral beauty you can find in real life with
00:37:17true people to go on social media you won't find on the contrary you find the
00:37:22opposite of moral beauty you need more beauty in your life to make your brain
00:37:26work properly and last but not least and this is a this is a future episode I'm
00:37:30gonna have to do a whole episode of that and that that's the hard one which is
00:37:34suffering never waste your suffering the truth of the matter is that growth that
00:37:40learning that understanding who you are as a person and finding you the meaning
00:37:44of your life requires a non-trivial amount of suffering in your life and and
00:37:49and learning from it as opposed to resisting it there's a lot of research
00:37:52that shows that unhappiness is largely a right hemispheric experience not
00:37:57coincidentally the same hemisphere that you employ to find the meaning of your
00:38:01life I will talk about how the greatest minds the philosophers and the
00:38:06theologians have talked about suffering as a pathway to meaning and make it that
00:38:11way in your life as well but just remember this the key to understanding
00:38:16suffering in life is not to eradicate yourself a pain but rather to learn how
00:38:20to manage your resistance to that pain then more meaning can be yours through
00:38:24the inevitable suffering that is part of any good life you'll get more of that
00:38:28obviously I mean I just gave you a quick synopsis that was a thumbnail sketch two
00:38:32thirds of the book are those six areas and I give you real protocols and real
00:38:36ideas real habits that you can adopt I'm a practical man after all the idea of
00:38:43doing this kind of social science is to give you information that you can
00:38:46actually use and you will find in the book and I hope you use it I hope you
00:38:49pass it on I hope you find meaning people see it in you and they want to
00:38:52find the meaning of their life as well because if we do that well the world
00:38:56really starts to change thank you for supporting this project thank you for
00:39:00sharing the ideas with others if you like this podcast please let me know your
00:39:05thoughts actually critically or uncritically praise or criticism I like
00:39:09it all send it to us at office hours at Arthur Brooks calm please like and
00:39:13subscribe on Spotify YouTube and Apple and leave a comment as I said before I'll
00:39:17read it even if it's negative especially this negative thank you for taking time
00:39:21to feedback if you've got any suggestions for new topics or what we can do on the
00:39:25show or you have any questions about any of the sources or you think there's
00:39:29someone I need to correct just let me know follow me on on social media we have
00:39:34a big and growing group on social media that that are following these ideas on
00:39:39Instagram LinkedIn and other platforms and and order the meaning of your life
00:39:42finding purpose in the age of emptiness right back there get it for somebody that
00:39:47you love and I hope you enjoy the book go to the website the meaning of your life
00:39:51calm to get started and as always thanks for watching

Key Takeaway

Replacing natural boredom with digital distraction inhibits the brain's right hemisphere, creating a psychogenic epidemic where happiness is unattainable without the three pillars of coherence, purpose, and significance.

Highlights

The prefrontal cortex comprises 30% of human brain weight and developed its current form approximately 250,000 years ago.

Average individuals check their mobile devices 205 times per day, which equates to once every 13 minutes.

Clinical depression rates among college students tripled between 2008 and 2019, while generalized anxiety nearly doubled during the same period.

The strongest statistical predictor of clinical depression and generalized anxiety is a positive response to the question "Does your life feel meaningless?"

A strategic six-month protocol for finding meaning involves asking unanswerable questions, risking emotional vulnerability, and seeking transcendence through service.

Meaning is defined by three specific principles: coherence (the why of events), purpose (the why of actions), and significance (the why of existence).

Timeline

The Evolution of Problem Solving and the Boredom Crisis

  • The prefrontal cortex allows humans to mentally time travel by learning from the past and simulating the future.
  • Solving the minor annoyance of boredom through constant connectivity created a large-scale crisis of meaninglessness.
  • Experimental data shows that people often prefer receiving electric shocks over sitting quietly in a room with their own thoughts.

Humanity's cognitive advantage lies in the ability to solve complex problems and look inward to see how others perceive them. However, the modern ability to eliminate every moment of boredom using smartphones has deactivated specific brain structures required for mind-wandering and abstract thinking. This constant stimulation prevents the brain from entering the states necessary to assess the deeper concept of meaning.

Defining the Three Pillars of Meaning

  • Coherence provides the logic behind why external events happen in the world.
  • Purpose identifies the specific motivation behind individual daily actions.
  • Significance establishes the inherent value and impact of a person's life.

Understanding the 'meaning of meaning' requires categorizing it into three distinct intellectual domains. Coherence addresses the mystery of life's patterns, while purpose and significance ground the individual in their own utility and worth. These elements are processed in the right hemisphere of the brain, which is increasingly foreclosed by the trivial technical tasks of the modern world.

The Darkening of the Academic and Social Landscape

Long-term data from firms like Monitoring the Future show that the sense of meaninglessness began a sharp 'dog leg' upward around 2008. While previous generations on campus experienced the highest levels of social bonding and intellectual excitement, modern students face a darkened culture. This shift aligns precisely with the widespread adoption of anti-boredom devices that harvest attention for profit.

Anatomy of the Empty Life: Three Case Studies

  • High-achieving individuals often use constant 'hustle' and professional success to distract from an intense internal emptiness.
  • Digital interactions and podcasts act as 'social pornography' that simulates connection without providing authentic human intimacy.
  • External validation through 'gold stars' or academic achievements fails to provide lasting purpose once career progress plateaus.

Real-world examples include Mark, a data analyst who felt more purpose fixing a garbage disposal for a date than in his carefully managed career. Maria, a mechanical engineer, stays hyper-busy to avoid the fear that life has no coherence. Paul, a social scientist, finds his research pointless and uses social media to anesthetize himself against a growing sense of ennui, illustrating how technology replaces real-life exploration with a digital simulation.

Six Protocols for Finding Meaning

  • Asking unanswerable questions like Zen koans opens the brain to mystery beyond the capabilities of AI.
  • Romantic love serves as the first step on the 'ladder of love' toward understanding universal meaning.
  • True beauty and moral excellence cannot be accurately captured or experienced through digital screens.
  • Managing the resistance to inevitable suffering is more effective than attempting to eradicate pain entirely.

The strategic plan to reclaim the right hemisphere includes six specific habits: asking deep questions, falling in love, seeking transcendence, finding a generative calling, pursuing physical and moral beauty, and embracing suffering. These protocols shift the focus from the 'me-centric' left brain to a broader perspective of service and awe. By adopting these habits over six months, individuals can move from a simulated existence back into a meaningful, real-life experience.

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